Buffers

Buffers - solution with both a weak (acid and/or base) and its conjugate ion as a salt.

Know the strong acids - if it is not strong it is weak!

Acidic Buffer salt - alkali/alkaline earth metal ion + anion of weak acid
                   (K+ and CH3COO-)
Basic Buffer salt - conjugate molecular base ion + strong acid anion (Cl-, Br-, I- NO3-, ClO4- SO42-)
                   (CH3NH3+ and Br-)

Three types of buffer questions:
(1) Given molar concentrations of both the weak and the salt
(2) Given moles of both the weak and the salt and total volume
          use C=n/V to determine conc of each component
(3) Given conc and volume of weak and conc and volume of salt
          use c1V1=c2V2 to determine conc of each component

Standard question: Determine the pH of....
In the mathematical solution include:
   -llbm equation (use either the acid llbm version or the base llbm version)
   -K expression (read K value from p803 chart)
   -no ICE chart required - assumed that [initial] = [llbm] for buffer questions because of small K value
   -sub in known value, for acids-determine [H3O+], then pH or for bases-determine [OH-], pOH, pH

Homework:
Buffer/Titration/Neutralization handout (available on moodle)
Qs: 1,2,3,4,5a,6a (answers on the last, single sided page)

Next up: Upsetting the buffer - these are definitely cool questions (so cool that ICE charts will reappear)

Anice joke to finish this post: Q: What sits on the bottom of the cold Arctic Ocean and shakes? A: A nervous wreck.
[Question for you, did you read Anice joke as "a nice joke", as "an ice joke" or some other way?]