Test Preparation

Test Preparation this is my second attempt at posting this puppy
Test Outline:
-16 multiple choice questions - you will be able to write on the multiple choice question sheet, mark it up, put "X's" through those letter choices that are obviously incorrect, hopefully there is only one answer left at that point (maybe two - one correct, one not - pick the correct answer)
-a 'bunch' of written/drawing/sketching/complete the table questions
-please know the difference between Lewis, energy level diagram, 3-D sketch, orbital sketch
-Total ~ 62 marks (or something right around there....)


SCH4U - Atomic Structure Unit Outline Once again.... things to know

Atomic models (Dalton, Thomson, Rutherford, Chadwick & Bohr)
sketch of the model and a brief description of each model; know which contains e,p & n and where they are located in the model

Photoelectric effect - describe it; impact of colour of light & intensity of light

Spectral lines bright and dark line spectrum of hydrogen -leading to the Bohr model
connecting the both line spectra to the Bohr model
Spectral line splitting
further refinements of the Bohr model
in terms of orbitals, what does each type of spectral line splitting identify?
-high resolution spectroscopy revealed...? influence of a magnet suggested...?

Energy level diagrams - know how to make them ...
fill according to the order of filling (spdf blocks on the periodic table)
-Aufbau, Hund's Rule & Pauli Exclusion

Electron configurations (complete, kernel, special cases (Cr column & Cu column), ions)
use the periodic table of elements as an aid [see Nelson page 188 for two helpful diagrams]
should be able to write the actual electron configuration for any element [includes the two columns of exceptions]
from electron configuration (either complete or kernel) identify the appropriate electron changes to achieve an ion charge

Quantum Numbers {n, l, m, s}
-connection of each number to spectroscopy evidence
-significance of each letter (n represents, l represents....)
-be able to interpret a set of numbers as being correct (possible orbital?) or incorrect (what is wrong with the number set?)

Quantum Model
-those orbitals - s and p [px py pz]
-never did sketch those d's....

Lewis Structure [following the rules] - draw a Lewis structure for any molecule
if you are going to follow the rules, then you had better know the rules, right? [Nelson text page 229]

Atomic Modeling
-based upon the Lewis structure - be able to sketch the 3D shapes, identify the name & bond angle
i.e. 4 atoms attached to central, no lone pairs = tetrahedral; 3 atoms attached, 1 lone pair = trigonal pyramidal
basic attributes of the various shapes [Nelson text pages 243-245]

Hybridization (sp3, sp2 and sp) - connection to molecular shapes (if you know the shape you know the type of hybridization)
-sp3 = tetrahedral or trigonal pyramidal or angluar (has four orbitals)
-sp2 = trigonal planar (has 3 orbitals)
-sp = linear (has 2 orbitals)
-be able to make the three different types of orbital sketchs (sp3, sp2 and/or sp)
-on orbital sketch be able to identify:
sigma (overlap with a hybrid) and pi bonds (p-orbital overlapping with another p-orbital)

Liquid state bonding (London, dipole-dipole, hydrogen bonding)
-from 3-D structure - be able to identify a molecule as polar/nonpolar
-if nonpolar - only LD
-if polar - LD and DD (maybe also HB if there is a H-N, H-O and/or H-F)

Solid state bonding [ionic, metallic, molecular & covalent network]
-know the properties of each type of solid [summary Nelson text page 273]
-ionic - metal + nonmetal - hard, generally: high melting point + soluble in water
-metallic - a metal (Fe(s), Pb(s)) - conductors, electron sea model (free moving 'sea' of valence electrons)
-molecular - nonmetal + nonmetal - CO2, H2O - generally low melting point, nonconductors
-covalent network - memorize the few of them (SiO2, SiC, CD) - very hard, high melting point, generally nonconductors